Rumus Besar Heat Gain
Qi + Qc + Qs +Qv + Qe = 0
Jika bernilai > 0 maka, menerima panas, jika < 0 maka melepas panas
Qi = Heat flow dari barang2 di dalam ruangan
Qc = Heat flow dari struktur bangunan (konduksi)
Qs = Heat flow dari radiasi matahari
Qv = Heat flow dari ventilasi
Qe = Heat flow dari evaporasi
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Heat flow Interior
Qi = Jumlah total heat output dari tubuh manusia dan peralatan di dalam ruangan
| Heat output of Human Body (Watt) | |||||
| Kegiatan | Total | suhu 20C | suhu 26C | ||
| sensible | latent | sensible | latent | ||
| Duduk, Beristirahat | 115 | 90 | 25 | 65 | 50 |
| Pekerjaan diam ditempat | 140 | 100 | 40 | 70 | 70 |
| duduk, makan | 150 | 85 | 65 | 70 | 80 |
| jalan pelan | 160 | 110 | 50 | 75 | 85 |
| pekerjaan ringan | 235 | 130 | 105 | 80 | 155 |
| pekerjaan sedang | 265 | 140 | 125 | 90 | 175 |
| pekerjaan berat | 440 | 190 | 250 | 105 | 335 |
| pekerjaan berat, nge-gym | 585 | 205 | 380 | 165 | 420 |
| Heat output peralatan rumah tangga (Kilo Watt) | |||||
| peralatan Listrik | sensible | latent | |||
| Coffee machine | 1.5 | 0.4 | |||
| food warmer per m2 | 0.6 | 1.1 | |||
| grill 250x300mm | 1.2 | 0.6 | |||
| kettle diameter 300mm, tinggi 260mm | 0.5 | 0.7 | |||
| toaster | 0.7 | 0.2 | |||
| foto kopi kecil, stanby | 1.8 | 0 | |||
| bekerja | 0.9 | 0 | |||
| foto kopi besar, stanby | 3.5 | 0 | |||
| bekerja | 1.8 | 0 | |||
| micro computer | 0.3 | 0 | |||
| dot-printer matrix | 0.8 | 0 | |||
| Heat output peralatan rumah tangga (Kilo Watt) | |||||
| peralatan gas | sensible | latent | |||
| hair drier, tipe helm | 0.6 | 0.1 | |||
| kompor, per m2 | 11 | 11 | |||
| pemanas makanan, per m2 | 2.7 | 1.6 | |||
| mesin pembuat kopi, 14 liter | 1.2 | 1.2 | |||
| grill 360 x 430mm | 4.4 | 1.1 | |||
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ventilation heat flow
Qv = qv x dT
dT = To - Ti
qv = 0.33 x N x V
N = ACH
V = Volume
To = Temp. Outdoor
Ti = Temp. Indoor
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Heat flow Konduksi dinding
Qc = qc x dT
dT = To - Ti
qc = Sum(A xU)
A = Luas bidang material
U = U-Value material
To = Temp. Outdoor
Ti = Temp. Indoor
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Heat flow Radiasi Matahari (Opaque)
Qc = qc x dTe
qc = Sum(A x U)
dTe atap = (G x abs - E) x Rso
dTe dinding = G x abs x Rso
Rso = Resistense surface outdoor
A = Luas bidang material
U = U-Value material
G = Radiasi matahari
E = 90 W/m2 (langit cerah),
20W/m2 (langit mendung)
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Heat flow Radiasi Matahari (Transparent)
Qsw = A x G x sgf
A = Luas area transparan
G = Radiasi matahari
sgf = Solar gain factor kaca
| Solar Gain Factor for Windows | |||
| Jenis Kaca | sgf | asg | |
| struktur ringan | struktur tebal | ||
| Single Glazing | |||
| kaca bening 6mm | 0.76 | 0.64 | 0.47 |
| permukaan berwarna 6mm | 0.6 | 0.53 | 0.41 |
| kaca berwarna 6mm | 0.52 | 0.47 | 0.38 |
| kaca berwarna 10mm | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.34 |
| kaca bening , reflecting film | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.23 |
| kaca bening, strong reflecting film | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.16 |
| kaca bening, reflectting film warna | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.23 |
| reflecting glass | 0.36 | 0.33 | 0.27 |
| strong reflecting glass | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.15 |
| Double Glazing (outer pane first) | |||
| kaca bening 6mm + kaca bening 6mm | 0.64 | 0.56 | 0.42 |
| permukaan berwarna + bening 6mm | 0.48 | 0.43 | 0.34 |
| kaca berwarna + bening 6mm | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.3 |
| kaca berwarna 10mm + bening 6mm | 0.3 | 0.28 | 0.24 |
| refecting + bening 6mm | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.21 |
| strong reflecting + bening 6mm | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.1 |
| light reflecting sealed double unit | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.21 |
| strong reflecting sealed double unit | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.11 |
| Double Glazing + External Shade | |||
| Clear 6mm (2) + light horiz. Slats | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
| clear 6mm (2) + light verti. Slats | 0.15 | 0.1 | 0.08 |
| clear 6mm (2) + roller blind | 0.1 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
| clear 6mm (2) + mini louvres | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.06 |
| clear 6mm (2) + dark horiz. Slats | 0.1 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| Single Glazing + External Shade | |||
| Clear 6mm + light horizon slats | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
| Clear 6mm + light vertical slats | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.1 |
| Clear 6mm + dark horizon slats | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.08 |
| Clear 6mm + holland blind | 0.13 | 0.1 | 0.08 |
| Clear 6mm + mini louvers | 0.16 | 0.1 | 0.09 |
| body tinted + light horizon slats | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.08 |
| body tinted + light vertical slats | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.09 |
| Single Glazing + Internal Shade | |||
| Clear 6mm + light horizon slats | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.24 |
| Clear 6mm + light vertical slats | 0.32 | 0.3 | 0.24 |
| Clear 6mm + dark horizon slats | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.34 |
| clear 6mm + linen blinds | 0.2 | 0.18 | 0.14 |
| body tinted + light slatted blinds | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.17 |
| reflecting + light slatted blinds | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.12 |
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Heat flow Evaporasi
Qe = 666 x evr (kW)
evr = evaporation rate
SUMBER: Thermal Design of Building, SZOKOLAY

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